Biology jamb syllable

 Biology jamb syllables

A: VARIETY OF ORGANISMS

Toics/Contents

1. Living organisms:
2. Characteristics
   b. Cell structure and functions of cell Components
   c. Level of organization
   i. Cell e.g. euglena and paramecium,
   ii. Tissue, e.g. epithelial tissues and hydra
   iii. Organ, e.g. onion bulb
   iv. Systems, e.g. reproductive, digestive and excretory
   v. Organisms e.g. Chlamydomonas

2. Evolution among the following:

1. Monera (prokaryotes), e.g. bacteria and
   blue green algae.
   b. Protista (protozoans and protophyta),
   e.g. Amoeba, Euglena and Paramecium
   c. Fungi, e.g. mushroom and Rhizopus.
   d. Plantae (plants)
   i. Thallophyta (e.g. Spirogyra)
   ii. Bryophyta (mosses and liveworts) e.g.
   Brachmenium and Merchantia.
   iii. Pteridophyta (ferns) e.g. Dryopteris.
   iv. Spermatophyta (Gymnospermae and Angiospermae)
   – Gymnosperms e.g. Cycads and conifers.
   – Angiosperms (monocots, e.g. maize; dicots, e.g. water leaf)
   e. Animalia (animals)
   i. Invertebrates
   – coelenterate (e.g. Hydra)
   – Platyhelminthes (flatworms) e.g. Taenia
   – Nematoda (roundworms)
   – Annelida (e.g. earthworm)
   – Arthropoda e.g. mosquito, cockroach, housefly, bee, butterfly
   – Mollusca (e.g. snails)
   ii. Multicellular animals (vertebrates)
   – pisces (cartilaginous and bony fish)
   – Amphibia (e.g. toads and frogs)
   – Reptilia (e.g. lizards, snakes and turtles)
   – Aves (birds)
   – Mammalia (mammals)

3.a Structural/functional and behavioural adaptations of organisms.

1. adaptive colouration and its functions
   c. Behavioural adaptations in social animals
   d. Structural adaptations in organisms.

B: FORM AND FUNCTIONS
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES

1. Internal structure of a flowering plant

1. Root
   ii. Stem
   iii. Leaf
   b. Internal structure of a mammal

2. Nutrition

1. Modes of nutrition
   i. Autotrophic
   ii. Heterotrophic
   b. Types of Nutrition
   c. Plant nutrition
   i. Photosynthesis
   ii. Mineral requirements
   (macro and micro-nutrients)
   d. Animal nutrition
   i. Classes of food substances; carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, vitamins, mineral salts and water
   ii. Food tests (e.g. starch, reducing sugar, protein, oil, fat etc.
   iii. The mammalian tooth (structures, types and functions
   iv. Mammalian alimentary canal
   v. Nutrition process (ingestion, digestion, absorption,
   and assimilation of digested food.

3. Transport

1. Need for transportation
   b. Materials for transportation.
   Excretory products, gases, manufactured food, digested food, nutrient, water and hormones)
   c. Channels for transportation
   i. Mammalian circulatory system (heart, arteries,
   veins, and capillaries)
   ii Plant vascular system (phloem and xylem)
   d. Media and processes of mechanism for transportation.

4. Respiratory

h

1. Respiratory organs and surfaces
   b. The mechanism of gaseous exchange in:
   i. Plants
   ii. Mammals
   c. Aerobic respiration
   d. Anaerobic respiration

5. Excretion

1. Types of excretory structures:
   contractile vacuole, flamecell,
   nephridium, Malpighian tubule, kidney,
   stoma and lenticel.
   b. Excretory mechanisms:
   i. Kidneys
   ii. lungs
   ii. skin
   c. Excretory products of plants

6. Support and movement

1. Tropic, tactic, nastic and sleep
   movements in plants
   b. supporting tissues in animals
   c. Types and functions of the skeleton
   i. Exoskeleton
   ii. Endoskeleton
   iii. Functions of the skeleton in animals

7. Reproduction

1. A sexual reproduction
   i. Fission as in Paramecium
   ii. Budding as in yeast
   iii. Natural vegetative propagation
   iv. Artificial vegetative propagation.
   b. sexual reproduction in flowering plants
   i. Floral parts and their functions
   ii. Pollination and fertilization
   iii. products of sexual reproduction
   c. Reproduction in mammals
   i. structures and functions of the male and female reproductive organs
   ii. Fertilization and development.
   (Fusion of gamates)

8. Growth

1. meaning of growth

2. 1. . Germination of seeds and condition
      necessary for germination of seeds.

   9. Co-ordination and control

   1. Nervous coordination:
      i. the components, structure and functions
      of the central nervous system;
      ii. The components and functions of the
      peripheral nervous systems;
      iii. Mechanism of transmission of impulses;
      iv. Reflex action
      b. The sense organs
      i. skin (tactile)
      ii. nose (olfactory)
      iii. tongue (taste)
      iv. eye (sight)
      v. ear (auditory)
      c. Hormonal control
      i. animal hormonal system
      – Pituitary
      – thyroid
      – parathyroid
      – adrenal gland
      – pancreas
      – gonads
      ii. Plant hormones (phytohormones)
      d. Homeostasis
      i. Body temperature regulation
      ii. Salt and water regulation

   ECOLOGY
   TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES

   1. Factors affecting the distribution of Organisms

   1. Abiotic
      ii. Biotic

   2. Symbiotic interactions of plants and animals

   (a) Energy flow in the ecosystem: food chains, food webs and trophic levels
   (b) Nutrient cycling in nature
   i. carbon cycle
   ii. water cycle
   iii. Nitrogen cycle

   3. Natural Habitats

   (a) Aquatic (e.g. ponds, streams, lakes
   seashores and mangrove swamps)
   (b) Terrestrial/arboreal (e.g. tree-tops of oil palm, abandoned farmland or a dry grassy (savanna) field, and burrow or hole.

   4. Local (Nigerian Biomes)

   1. Tropical rainforest
      b. Guinea savanna (southern and northern)
      c. Sudan Savanna
      d. Desert
      e. Highlands of montane forests and grasslands of the Obudu, Jos, Mambiland nationalavanna (southern and northern)
   2. c. Sudan Savanna
      d. Desert
      e. Highlands of montane forests and grasslands of the Obudu, Jos, Mambilla Plateau.

   5. The Ecology of Populations:

   (a) Population density and overcrowding.
   (b) Adaptation for survival
   i. Factors that bring about competition
   ii. Intra and inter-specific competition
   iii. Relationship between competition and succession.
   (c) Factors affecting population sizes:
   Biotic (e.g. food, pest, disease, predation, competition, reproductive ability).
   ii. Abiotic (e.g. temperature, space, light, rainfall, topography, pressure, pH, etc.
   (d) Ecological succession
   i. primary succession
   ii. secondary succession

   6. SOIL

   1. a) (i) characteristics of different types
      of soil (sandy, loamy, clayey)
      soil structure
      ii. porosity, capillarity and humus
      content
      iii. Components of the soil
      i. inorganic
      ii. organic
      iii. soil organisms
      iv. Soil air
      v. Soil water
      Soil fertility:
      i. loss of soil fertility
      ii. Renewal and maintenance of soil fertility

   7. Humans and Environment

   (a) Diseases:
   (i) Common and endemic diseases.
   ii. Easily transmissible diseases and disease syndrome such as:
   – poliomyelitis
   – cholera
   – tuberculosis
   – sexually transmitted disease/syndrome (gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS, etc.
   b. Pollution and its control
   (i) sources, types, effects and methods of control.
   (ii) Sanitation and sewage
   (c) Conservation of Natural Resources
   (d) Game reserves andNational parks

   D: HEREDITY AND VARIATIONS
   TOPICS/CONTENTS/

   I) Variation In Population

   Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals. (i) size (height, weight) (ii) Colour (skin, eye, hair, coat of animals, scales and feathers. (iii) Fingerprints b. Physiological variation (i) Ability to roll tongue (ii) Ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) (iii) Blood groups c. Application of discontinuous variation in crime detection, blood transfusion and determination of paternity.

   2. Heredity

   a) Inheritance of characters in organisms; i) Heritable and non-heritable characters. b) Chromosomes – the basis of heredity; (i) Structure (ii) Process of transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring. c) Probability in genetics and sex determination. a) Application of the principles of heredity in: i) Agriculture (ii) Medicine Sex – linked characters e.g. baldness, haemophilia, colour blindness, etc. E: EVOLUTION TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES

   1. Theories of evolution

   a) Lamarck’s theory b) Darwin’s theory c) organic theory

   Evidence of evolution

   RECOMMENDED TEXTS

   Ndu, F.O. C. Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001) Senior Secondary School Biology: Books 1 -3, Lagos: Longman Odunfa, S.A. (2001) Essential of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann Ogunniyi M.B. Adebisi A.A. and Okojie J.A. (2000) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: Books 1 – 3, Macmillan Ramalingam, S.T. (2005) Modern Biology, SS Science Series. New Edition, AFP Stan. (2004) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, Ibadan: Heinemann Stone R.H. and Cozens, A.B.C. (1982) Biology for West African Schools. Longman Usua, E.J. (1997) Handbook of practical Biology 2nd Edition, University Press, Limited

   BIOLOGY RECOMMENDED Text for 2019/2020

   Ambuna, A. Egunyomi, A. and Osakwe, J. (1990). Comprehensive Certificate Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: University Press Limited Egunyomi A. Bob – Manuel, Abdullahi B.A. and Oyetola O.A. (1988). Exam Focus: Biology For WASSCE and JME 2nd Edition, University Press Limited MacQueen J. and Murray J. (1978). Success in Biology, Benin: John Murray Ndu, F.O. C. Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001). Senior Secondary School Biology: Books 1 -3, Lagos: Longman Odunfa, S.A. (2001). Essentials of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann Oguniyi, M.B. Adebisi A.A. and Okojie J.A. (2000). Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: Books – 3, Macmillan Ramalingam, S.T. (2005). Modern Biology, SS Science Series. New Edition, AFP

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